Financial Analysis Starbucks Corp. Fin 540 - 2307 Words

Running head: FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS STARBUCKS CORP. Financial Ratio Analysis Starbucks Corporation University of Phoenix FIN/540 Managerial Accounting and Finance Foundations September 19, 2011 Financial Ratio Analysis Starbucks Corporation Starbucks Corporation is the global leader in coffee and has a strong entrepreneurial history of product development and branding. Ranked as both a Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000 Best Company to Work For Starbucks employs 116,357 team members in the United States (Fortune, 2010). Starbucks (SBUX) Corporation according to Plunkett Research, Ltd. ranks in their industry group as number one in sales and profits. National and internationally Starbucks Corporation own 16,858 stores†¦show more content†¦2010 total debt ratio of 0.15 or 15% measures the corporation’s percentage finance with debt. Reviewing the three selected leverage ratios provides a positive outlook for the financial stability of Starbucks. With increased profitability and low financial leverage shareholders long-term returns remain profitable. Figure 1 Financial Leverage Trend |Times Interest | | | | | | |Earned % |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 |2006 | |Starbucks |12.04 |4.47 |3.33 |10.08 |10.43 | |Industry |6.04 |4.51 |3.7 |2.1 |2.59 | |Debt/Equity Ratio | | | | | | | |2010 |2009 |2008 |2007 |2006 | |Starbucks |0.15 |0.18 |0.22 |0.24 |0.0 | |Industry

Ideological Critique Of The Media - 998 Words

Ideological Critique It is often proposed that the western world is almost equal in terms of power relations within gender. The society may be moving towards equality, but the progress is yet slow. Furthermore, even though the society is changing, the media lags to reflect the power struggle taking place within society. While occupations are making great progress in diminishing inequality, the media still portrays messages that objectify women, and deprives them of the respect that is readily awarded to men. Men are seen as powerful, rich, confident, and athletic, while women are judged on their outer beauty and their sexual appeal (Jacobson Mazur, 1995). The advertisement by adidas, as seen in figure 5, carries the connotation that when a man wears adidas shoes, he becomes a ‘panty dropper’. The denotation is that it is an advertisement for adidas shoes, which can be noted through the symbolic sign of the logo. The denotation of the advertisement could also be that there is a man who is st anding in a relaxed position, and there is a woman who is standing on one leg with the other resting on the man. There is also some writing on the page, which states, â€Å"The first thing she notices†¦ Are your shoes†. The critical connotation, then, is that women, being the superficial people that they are, will look at a man’s shoes and if the look pleases her, she will express her interest in a very sexual manner. The words combined with the actions create interpellation. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Study Of Terrorism By Richard Jackson, Lee Jarvis, Jereon Gunning, And Marie Breen Smyth988 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzing the orthodox scholarship they find and discuss a few key issues. Their critique includes methods/research, emphasis on non-state actors, Western ideological biases, and definition/theory. A key issue Jackson found with the field of terrorism has to do with how the research is conducted and the methods used. The book stresses how those who studied terrorism â€Å"relied primarily on secondary sources like the media for information about terrorism; and most have never met or spoken to any ‘terrorist’-Read More Studying the Media Rather Than Simply Consuming It Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesStudying the Media Rather Than Simply Consuming It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyday we encounter the media in some form. It could be waking up to the sound of the radio, or passing billboards in the streets or simply just watching television. They are a lot of different forms of media, for example, verbal or written media, visual media and aural media. Examples of media would include newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television, billboard advertisements as well as the internet. 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It will then summarise how we commonly define a liberal democracy and what are its recognisable features within a pluralist context such as in Britain. Finally, it will ask how Marxists might view the above as affecting participation in such a political system. Overall this essay will outline the uneven distribution of power Marxism sees in a capitalist, liberal democratic society;Read MoreEnglish1285 Words   |  6 PagesDesiree Rielly Professor Guy Pollio 5 December 2012 English 101 What Shapes You? Often times, we rely on the world to we live in to shape us. From mass media, to magazines to commercials, we always find ourselves seeking the next best thing instead of what we already have. The way society shapes us develops each and every one of us because we are persuaded by such advertisements. Robert Scholes of â€Å"On Reading A Video Text†, and Shirley Jackson of â€Å"The Lottery†, show appropriateRead MoreHow the Grinch Taught Me Morals985 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, as a more mature adult, I can now see what Dr. Seuss was trying to impress upon children, the acceptance of diversity. Principles of ethics are shown to us frequently in picture books such as those by Dr. Seuss. However, as we get older, these medias we read constantly as children tend to dissipate. Comic strips, like â€Å"Calvin and Hobbes† can take their place in adulthood by showing morals and critiquing society’s values in a more mature setting, such as a newspaper, while s till remaining reminiscentRead MoreZizek on Ideology and the Relationship Between Ideology and The Real2604 Words   |  11 Pagesand â€Å"The Real† Slavoj Zizek is one of the leading theorists on ideology since the 1990’s and his conceptions of the real versus the symbolic versus the imagined are of particular importance when dissecting the question ‘what is ideology?’ Zizek’s critique of ideology and attempt to unpack it’s inner workings is fascinating, he is a powerful intellectual who aims to expose the †fake† workings of society. In this paper I will outline Zizek’s definition and approach to the study of ideology, paying particular

Review of Literature Related to Construction Equipment Management Essay Example For Students

Review of Literature Related to Construction Equipment Management Essay Chapter I Introduction Introduction Today’s building contract involves undertakings demanding the equipment resources. With betterments in engineering and rapid addition in the labour rates, there is an increasing tendency of mechanisation. In the present twenty-four hours scenario building equipment became an built-in portion of clip and cost efficient building. The physical demands to execute building work have non changed really much. The work to be done alterations based on the type of undertaking, but the activities that have to be performed are similar for different undertakings. It could be constructing, main road, dike or power works the sum and type of machines required may change, but the demand for building equipment will ever be. Construction equipment enables assorted building companies and organisations to finish their targeted undertaking in an easy manner. Management of building equipment is portion of overall direction methods and policies to be adopted different companies / contractors for their building contracts and therefore is bound to change from contractor to contractor. Inefficient direction of equipment can ensue in low production, idle equipment, lower use of equipment etc. ; either of which can impact project continuance and cost. Therefore, it is of import for contractors, building directors, undertaking directors, and any individual straight for equipment direction to be familiar with all the facets of equipment direction, which finally leads to effectual and economical use of appropriate equipment for a given occupation. Not merely is it of import for equipment directors to be familiar with this topic, it besides of import for undertaking proprietors, contractor and other equipment responsible individual. Aim The aim of this thesis is to analyze the assorted Equipment direction patterns followed by big building companies and different contractors in India and to place the best pattern for Equipment direction in India. In add-on with the above mentioned objective the survey will specifically take at following facets: Identifying the best patterns of equipment direction for the Indian scenario. To analyze the different responses collected sing the equipment direction from different contractors. 1.3 Scope of Study The range of survey extends to general information of the contractor, be aftering policy of the contractor, equipment acquisition and funding, operation and care of the equipment and besides record maintaining. The range of the survey is non merely restricted to exceed class contractors but besides extended to contractors in all degrees. The grounds behind this are Construction equipment in big sum or little sums are being involved in all types of building undertakings due to increase in labour rewards and switch towards mechanisation. Equipment direction has enormous advantage to all classs of contractors for carry throughing any building undertaking within clip, cost and quality restraint. 1.4 Methodology: The methodological analysis used in this survey is study method wherein the needed information was collected from assorted contractors runing in India. A structured questionnaire was prepared to roll up the necessary information. The structured questionnaire was prepared mentioning assorted books, diaries and magazines on similar subject. The questionnaire contains inquiries seeking general information related to the contractors be aftering for equipment, choice and procurance. Questions seeking information related to operation, care and record maintaining. Questions seeking information related replacing determinations and assorted inquiries on safety policy, choice and preparation of operators and inducement strategies for operating and care forces. The questionnaire was forwarded to different selected contractors runing throughout India, The questionnaire in the signifier of Google papers whose nexus has been sent to employees of different houses. Once the responses are received, the information shared will be analyzed sing all the facets of house and its equipment direction pattern used and a theoretical account is prepared urging the best pattern to be carried out which can act upon to houses net income and growing. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Introduction Equipment direction is a firing ice subject in the building industry. There have been many researches in this field, draw a bead oning from these researches our squad has besides decided to work in the same field. Many research have been made in the field sing but there is no specific one sing the equipment direction patterns followed by contractors in India. Effort has been made by our squad to make so, based on the researches so far, a background has been prepared. This reappraisal is collected from diaries submitted by different writers on equipment direction patterns. They used different methodological analysiss for work outing the job related to the equipment direction. These methodological analysiss are like Mathematical equations, algorithm, additive scheduling, questionnaire, anticipation, stimulation theoretical account, etc. and decision with regard to the methodological analysis is given in this literature. Following are the different diaries and included methodological analysiss for Equipment direction patterns. 1. Journal of building technology and direction 2. Construction research Congress. 3. Management technology diary. 4. Construction technology direction diary. 5. IOSR diary of mechanical and civil technology. 6. International diary of concern and direction. 7. Canada Journal of civil technology. Literature reappraisal: Let’s have a bird’s oculus position of few of the research documents by different writers across the Earth. A survey was conducted by Amir Tavakoli, Member, ASCE, Emmanuel D. Taye, and Mehmet Erktin research the current building equipment policy of the prima houses in the industry. The survey was made through a questionnaire which was sent to the Engineering News Record top400 contractors. The survey is intended to supply contractors and other interested parties, public, private, and academic, with the present position of the equipment policy of the top400 contractors. The consequences of the questionnaire study provide overall information about building equipment policy in the top 400 building companies in the United States. Genetics In Life EssayHamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani concludes from his survey that Optimum planning for heavy building equipment is a critical undertaking in wining the building undertakings. In a building program one should significantly concentrate on the type, figure and agenda of presence of the equipment at the undertaking site. In this paper, we have studied the hourly production of a theoretical account of dozer, a wheel-type stevedore, a sycophant type stevedore, a grader, a crawler-type excavator, a sheep’s pes roller and a smooth wheel roller ; at the site of several Earth fill dams around Iran. Each theoretical account was separately considered and the site conditions were taken into history. The nominal hourly production of the equipment was derived harmonizing to the informations obtained from Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Volvo makers. The existent production was calculated harmonizing to the statistical informations from assorted earth-fill dikes in Iran. The derived consequences showed that the existent production of a sheep’s pes roller had the least difference with its nominal production ; whilst the stevedore had the most difference in existent and nominal production ( i.e. it had the lowest on the job efficiency ) . The writers David Arditi et.al stated in his journal Inventions in building equipment are bound to bring forth important benefits for building companies that purchase and usage advanced theoretical accounts. Improvements in site productiveness and safety, in the quality of working conditions, and in the company s cost-efficiency and fight can be partially explained by these incremental inventions. The findings of the survey presented here suggest that the rate of invention in the building equipment industry increased during the last 30 old ages. This increased rate of invention can be linked to force per unit areas generated by purchasers behavior and to technological developments in the equipment industry every bit good as in other industries. The findings besides indicate that the rate of invention has been unvarying and incremental over these 30 old ages. Even though inventions in the building equipment industry are incremental in nature, their cumulative benefits can be tremendo us because incremental inventions result in uninterrupted betterments in merchandise characteristics. These incremental inventions are chiefly driven by market forces. Author Stergios K. Vranakis in his conceptual theoretical account for machinery and equipment investing determinations stated despite the fact that during the last two decennaries at that place have been many attempts internationally ; it is still true that rather adequate issues refering steadfast public presentation and M A ; E investing determinations remain unexamined and there is deficiency of theoretical and practical support. The expected end of this research is to bridge the spread between bing literature and the direction patterns used by fabricating houses by measuring their demands for successful direction of Machinery A ; Equipment Investment determinations Part of the value of this model lies in the operationalization of factors and the scrutiny of the possible relationships between them, which have non received the appropriate attending in literature, where there is no complete theoretical account yet depicting and analysing the relationships between all these factors . The proposed model is considered to be an original and complete theoretical account that intends to lend to literature by researching the linkages among: JIT, TQM, NPD, R A ; D, CRM, BSR, SCM, Innovation, New Product Pricing, Product Lifecycle Decisions, and Environmental Management, Manufacturing flexibleness, Management Decisions, and Capital Subsidies with Machinery A ; Equipment Investments and Firm Performance. Writers Bugra Aslan and Dae-Hyun ( Dan ) KOO explained in their paper the usage of telematics engineering in roadway care operations. The writers suggest a information aggregation system layout to deploy telematics to roll up bing equipment productiveness informations with geospatial turn uping informations in existent clip. Pilot informations aggregation and analysis showed that telematics application in productiveness analysis can efficaciously supply contemplation of field operation and better current productiveness informations aggregation pattern. The gathered informations can be summarized and make a baseline reflecting current productiveness and work forms. This baseline can be used to better the undermentioned season’s productiveness and to optimise managerial programs such as equipment purchase program, equipment deployment scope finding, and work process operation program. Comparative analysis between field informations and a baseline can set up a productiveness bett erment prosodies. This prosody is expected to supply a guideline to the directors so that they can seek plausible solutions to increase productiveness. These solutions include ; effectual equipment operations, betterments in flexibleness and resilience of operation programs, cost decreases in overall roadway care operations and recommendations for future betterment actions. 2.3 Decision After mentioning to the above mentioned documents published in different diaries, we have come to the decision that optimal planning of building equipment and their direction will hold important benefits for building companies and contractors. Construction equipment direction has been drastically simplified because of broad application of equipment informations collected during their operation. Equipment policies sometimes vary between big and average houses and heavy and non-heavy houses. Floating of questionnaire is the best method to roll up informations sing different equipment direction patterns followed by different contractors. Collection of informations sing building equipment direction patterns through questionnaire from different contractors will assist to propose an equipment direction pattern for upcoming contractors.

New Girl free essay sample

My body tenses as I approach my somber-faced parents sitting at our dimly lit kitchen table—we are moving, again. This was our third move in six years, and I was eleven. I turn away from my parents, and trudge up the stairs. We lived in Appleton for three years, but I expected to spend the rest of my childhood there. But then again, I thought the same for Aurora, Illinois, and Greenville, Wisconsin, too. But now we were moving to Hartland, a suburb of Milwaukee. We might as well have been moving across the country, since I lost contact with all my friends in previous moves. My dad spent months commuting to his new job in Hartland, while my mom looked for a house. Every time she returned home from house-hunting, I gained hope that the move wouldn’t happen. You can’t move somewhere if you don’t have a house, right? But, it didn’t take long before my mom found a house. We will write a custom essay sample on New Girl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I sat in my friend’s mom’s car during a rained-out softball practice when my mom called with the news. It was actually happening—the move was real. We left Appleton a month before I went into sixth grade. I entered middle school, a as the new girl—an added disadvantage. The first weeks were the hardest. No one knew who I was, and no one cared. During my first choir class, the teacher told us to introduce ourselves to the kids sitting next to us. â€Å"Hi, I’m Kel—† The boy sitting next to me cut me off mid-introduction. â€Å"I don’t know you, so I’m not going to talk to you,† the boy said, and he turned to talk with the girl sitting on his other side. Things turned around, though, when basketball season arrived. I had played basketball since second grade, and I knew basketball tryouts would be my opportunity to branch out and meet more people. And through basketball, I met new classmates, and settled into Hartland. Now, having lived in Hartland for six years, I am happy to call it home. Not a lot of people notice that I have moved three times in my life. Although moving has been a source of grief and struggle for me, it has been an important part of my life, and it has changed me for the better. Through moving, I learned to adapt to new environments, put myself out there, and be open to connecting with and meeting new people. Being â€Å"the new girl† has prepared me for my future and any challenges I have to undergo. And now I know that during my years studying at Madison, I will bring effort, determination, and open-mindedness to make the best out of any situation, because that is what â€Å"the new girl† does.

Resume Objective How to Know When One is Necessary

Resume Objective How to Know When One is Necessary Unofficially, when you’re applying for jobs, your resume objective is pretty much always the same: â€Å"I would like to get a job.† There may be more specifics than that, but let’s be honest- that’s the main goal here. So if you know your objective is to get this job, and the recruiter or hiring manager knows you are also interested in said job (because otherwise, why would they even have your resume?), why do you need to make this explicit in your resume? 1. What IS a Resume Objective?2. Do You Need a Resume Objective?3. What If You Decide to Skip It?4. What Does a Good Objective Have?5. Where to BeginWhat IS a Resume Objective?An objective is a short statement at the top of your resume (right after your essential contact details) that sums up for the reader where you are in your career, and what you’re seeking as the next step. So as you see, it’s a little different than â€Å"hire me.† Think of it as part of your elevator pitch for hiring you, instead of a literal statement of your job search. Again, you know why you’re there, and the reader knows why you’re there, but the objective is the kickoff to your campaign to convince them why they need to hire you. Basically, it’s your first chance to start breaking away from the pack.For example, if you’re applying for a nursing assistant position, and everyone has the same objective that says something like, â€Å"Seeking employment as a nursing assistant,† the reader will start glazing over by the third resume. You want your resume to stand out from the crowd, and the objective is another tool you can use to do that. But be careful: the resume objective is not necessarily the same thing as the resume summary statement. The resume summary statement, also known as a qualification summary or a competency summary, is a short statement or list of bullets that summarize skills and experience. It ties those skills and experience to the theme (or brand) you’re trying to establish for your resume. How is it different from an objective? A summary statement is a good way to take a long or complicated job/skills history and put your best self (your brand) into a few concise sentences. It’s not as good for newbie job seekers or career changers, because you might still be establishing that brand.Do You Need a Resume Objective?Well, that part’s a little controversial. Not everyone agrees that an objective is a good use of resume space these days. U.S. News World Report argues that the risks of a poorly written objective statement outweigh the benefits of including one at all, and that an objective is a waste of super-precious resume space. This is also the view taken by the folks at The Muse. The bottom line: there’s no unanimous voice fighting for the resume objective.But above all, regardless of what everyone else says, you need to decide what’s right for your resume and your job sear ch. An objective can be a very effective way to present yourself- you just need to make sure that you’re writing a good one that deserves to take that space. You should consider keeping an objective on your resume if:You’re just out of school, or don’t have tons of experience in your field.You’re changing careers, or applying for a job where your previous experience doesn’t apply 1:1.You’re focusing on a very specific position in your field (e.g. you’re not just sending your resume to a company you like, or passing it along to a recruiter, and hoping for an opening that fits). The objective is a way to start establishing that branding, or reframe your narrative. Cover letters are far from a given these days, in the age of faceless job application engines. The objective can be a handle, a narrative statement that could pack some of that same â€Å"I am perfect for this job† punch that would normally be covered in a cover letter. It’s a way to neatly outline your current goals, and align that with the job description at hand. The objective tells the reader what you’re seeking and starts the narrative of how you fit this job.What If You Decide to Skip It?I mean, the sky isn’t going to fall on your job search if you decide against including a resume objective. It’s unlikely that someone will get to the end of an otherwise fantastic resume and think, if only this person had included an objective. But that’s not necessarily the way to look at it- there are plenty of things you can leave off a resume that wouldn’t be missed. Instead, think of it as a proactive element you can use to your advantage. If you skip it, you likely won’t be actively damaging your chances at the position, but you are consciously skipping an opportunity to position yourself even better.What Does a Good Objective Have?If you decide to go ahead with a resume objective, you need to do it well . As mentioned earlier, resume space is precious. If you’re going to devote several lines to it, that’s several lines you can’t devote to something else. So you need to make sure your resume objective has these elements:It’s customized. Like the rest of your resume, it should be tailored to the job for which you’re applying- or at least the company. Generic objectives are visible from a mile away.It should be backed up. Anything you bring up in the resume objective, you should be prepared to flesh out in bullet points later in the resume.It’s not just about you. You’re great, you’re awesome. But lots of great, awesome people are going to end up in the â€Å"meh† or â€Å"no† pile of resumes. The goal is to start showing the reader that your awesomeness is the one that should get an interview for this Use it to emphasize your potential value to the company.It’s not a bragfest. Don’t just insert all th e flattering adjectives you can find. Use relevant action words that, again, will be backed up and enhanced by the rest of your resume.It’s short. This isn’t your memoir, it’s a brief statement that sets the tone for your resume.It adds value to the resume. If you’re just restating points or skills verbatim from later in the resume, don’t bother. The objective should be more of a â€Å"greatest hits† overview that is condensed into its most powerful form. So what does that â€Å"good† objective look like? Think of it as a formula.Strong traits + The role you want to fill + Good fit for the company = ObjectiveDon’t overcomplicate the objective: a sentence or two is great. You don’t need a bulleted list, or a long narrative paragraph. And in fact, a long paragraph could be a total visual momentum-killer, which is the last thing you want right at the start of the resume. You can label it as its own â€Å"Objective† s ection on your resume, but that’s not essential- it could just be a standalone sentence at the top of your resume, and the reader will understand what the purpose of it is.Where to BeginTo get you started, here are some examples of resume objectives- the good, the bad, and the ugly. You can also find templates and samples online, like with ResumeGenius and The Interview Guys (who also have a resume objective â€Å"cheat sheet† you can get via email). Let’s take a look at what to do and what not to do.The GoodExperienced customer service representative with more than 7 years of experience, seeking to leverage strong technical and customer-facing skills into an entry-level information technology position for TechSolutions Corp.Detail-oriented researcher with strong communication skills looking to transition into a blogging and social media coordinator position.Objective: To leverage 10 years of continuing education teaching experience and fluency in English, Spani sh, and French into a part-time ESL teaching position. The BadFabulous customer service rep seeks to leverage legendary skills into IT. (Let the reader make the judgment about whether your skills are â€Å"legendary.†)Bringing my brand to your blog and social media platforms. (What brand? Why you?)I would like a job teaching English to non-native speakers. (What skills and experience would you bring?)Seeking a full-time position in my chosen industry where I can apply my experience and skills to that position. (Waaay too vague.)The UglyI would like a job that pays at least $30,000 per year, with strong benefits and flexible hours to accommodate my child’s care schedule.I’ve always loved reading, so I’d like to secure a position with a large publishing company.Remember, the objective really sets the tone for the resume- it’s right under your name, and hits the reader before they get down to your qualifications and skills. If you’re going to i nclude one, make sure it’s the most specific, appealing one you can write. This is your chance to start moving ahead of the pack, so make sure you’re taking full advantage!b

Exosphere Definition and Facts

Exosphere Definition and Facts The exosphere is the outermost layer of the Earths atmosphere, located above the thermosphere. It extends from about 600 km until it thins out to merge with interplanetary space. This makes the exosphere about 10,000 km or 6,200 miles thick or about as wide as the Earth. The top boundary of Earths exosphere extends about halfway to the Moon. For other planets with substantial atmospheres, the exosphere is the layer above the denser atmospheric layers, but for planets or satellites without dense atmospheres, the exosphere is the region between the surface and interplanetary space. This is called the surface boundary exosphere. It has been observed for the Earths Moon, Mercury,  and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The word exosphere comes from the Ancient Greek words exo, meaning outside or beyond, and sphaira, which means sphere. Exosphere Characteristics The particles in the exosphere are extremely far apart. They dont quite fit the definition of a gas because the density is too low for collisions and interactions to occur. Nor are they necessarily plasma, because the atoms and molecules arent all electrically charged. Particles in the exosphere can travel hundreds of kilometers along a ballistic trajectory before bumping into other particles. The Earths Exosphere The lower boundary of the exosphere, where it meets the thermosphere, is called the thermopause. Its height above sea level ranges from 250-500 km up to 1000 km (310 to 620 miles), depending on solar activity. The thermopause is called the exobase, exopause, or critical altitude. Above this point, barometric conditions do not apply. The temperature of the exosphere is nearly constant and very cold. At the upper boundary of the exosphere, the solar radiation pressure on hydrogen exceeds the gravitational pull back toward Earth. The fluctuation of the exobase due to solar weather is important because it affects atmospheric drag on space stations and satellites. Particles that reach the boundary are lost from the Earths atmosphere to space. The composition of the exosphere is different from that of the layers beneath it. Only the lightest gases occur, barely held to the planet by gravity. The Earths exosphere consists mainly of hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and atomic oxygen. The exosphere is visible from space as a fuzzy region called the geocorona. The Lunar Atmosphere On Earth, there are about 1019 molecules per cubic centimeter of air at sea level. In contrast, there are fewer than a million (106) molecules in the same volume in the exosphere. The Moon does not have a true atmosphere because its particles dont circulate, dont absorb much radiation, and have to be replenished. Yet, its not quite a vacuum, either. The lunar surface boundary layer has a pressure of about 3 x 10-15 atm (0.3 nano Pascals). The pressure varies depending on whether its day or night, but the entire mass weighs less than 10 metric tonnes. The exosphere is produced by outgassing of radon and helium from radioactive decay. The solar wind, micrometeor bombardment, and the solar wind also contribute particles. Unusual gases found in the Moons exosphere, but not in the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, or Mars include sodium and potassium. Other elements and compounds found in the Moons exosphere include argon-40, neon, helium-4, oxygen, methane, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carb on dioxide. A trace amount of hydrogen is present. Very minute quantities of water vapor may also exist. In addition to its exosphere, the Moon may have an atmosphere of dust that hovers above the surface due to electrostatic levitation. Exosphere Fun Fact While the exosphere of the Moon is nearly a vacuum its larger than the exosphere of Mercury. One explanation for this is that Mercury is much closer to the Sun, so the solar wind can sweep away particles more easily. References Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut. Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems, Springer Publishing, 2004.  Is There an Atmosphere on the Moon?. NASA. 30 January 2014. retrieved 02/20/2017

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Annotated Bibliography Example Recently, the US foreign policy has been geared at eliminating the proliferation of nuclear weapons and prevention of human rights violation by dictatorial regimes. This book provides a detailed review of American involvement in world politics including the historical developments in Middle East countries. The book dwells on the ongoing American intervention in Afghanistan and the political uprisings in Middle East where the US has backed the end of dictatorial regimes (Cox and Stokes 40). This book provides a chronology of post World War II US foreign policy. The book provides the democratic controls and sanctions that US has imposed on various countries that have ignored calls for human rights protection. The book reviews the changes of US foreign policy after the September 11th terrorism attacks (Dobson and Marsh 158). Hunt provides and excellent analysis of ideological principles of US foreign policy and the criticism of US involvement in the Middle East. According to Hunt, three factors that have shaped US foreign policy are the zeal to provide liberty abroad, the hostility towards historical revolutions and racial view of the world which perceives a battle between Anglo-Saxons and darker races (Hunt 256). This book provides the measures that the US government has taken in its approach towards global terrorism. The counterterrorism and foreign policies are geared at eliminating any deals between Americans and terrorists, bring the terrorist organizations to justice and imposing sanctions to countries that harbor and sponsor terrorists (Pillar 179). This book provides a review how the Vietnam War shaped the attitudes of American authorities towards its foreign policy. The book offers steps which were undertaken by both Carter and Clinton to restore a democratic foreign policy. The book provides for foreign policy actions that were undertaken to contain the growing Soviet Union power and communism in Middle East in